#CAM_Pathway

CAM pathway:-

Crassulacean acid metabolism(CAM) is a photosynthetic adaption in succulent (juicy and tasty) plants. Succulent plants, also known as Fat Plants, are xerophytic plants to arid climates or soil conditions. Succulent plants store water in their leaves and stems.The storage of water often gives succulent plants a swollen or fleshy appearance than other plants, a characteristic known as Succulence. The best-known Succulents are Cacti. these plants open their stomata during the night and close them stomata during the day. Closing stomata during the day helps succulent plants conserve water, and also prevents the Co2 from entering the leaves. During the night, when their stomata are open, these plants take up Co2. Assimilation of Co2 occurs into Malic acid at night which is stored in the vacuole. This mode of carbon fixation is called CAM (crassulacean acid metabolism). 

During the daytime, when the light rxn can supply ATP and NADPH for the Calvin cycle, Co2 is released from the malate for fixation through the Calvin cycle. This cycle differs from the C4 cycle. In C4 plants, the formation of the malic acids in the mesophyll is spatially separated from the Calvin cycle in the bundle sheath. In CAM plants, the two steps occur at separate times, but within the same cell.

Mechanism of CAM Pathway

In CAM pathway, formation of the C4 acids is temporally separated. This mech^ is following some steps which are given below:-

1)- At night, Co2 is captured by PEP carboxylase in the cytosol of mesophyll cell and PEP is carboxylated to oxaloacetate.

2)- The oxaloacetate is reduced to malate which is finally stored in the vacuole.Reduction of oxaloacetate is catalyzed by enzyme NAD+-malate dehydrogenase. 

3)- During the day, the stored malate transported back into the cytosol, where it is decarboxylated by an NADP+-malic enzyme. 

4)- The Co2 just released enters the chloroplast where it is fixed by the Calvin cycle.

"The adaptive advantage of CAM is the reduction of water loss by transpiration, achieved by the stomatal opening during the night".
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